Configurable Capacitive Deionization

Configurable Capacitive Deionization 

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Configurable Capacitive Deionization (CDI) Setup has been designed to conduct research on removal of charged ionic species from aqueous solutions (i.e., Desalination/Demineralization) via electrostatic (i.e., non-Faradaic) or electrochemical (redox) interactions. The cell is suitable for both, (i) bulky porous electrodes and (ii) nanochannel arrays (i.e., nanoporous membranes). In the first case the cell accommodates two porous electrodes fabricated based on e.g., Reticulated Glassy Carbon or metal foam current collectors. In the second case the cell accommodates either one or two modified anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanochannel membranes. Electrodes and membranes are not included in the setup and should be added to the quotation separately. 

The cell elements are constructed with inert materials to the sample (PEEK). It well fits aqueous (FKM O-Rings) and organic solvent (FFKM O-Rings) electrolyte requirements. The construction of the cell and the reservoirs is gas-tight and can be used when: (i) the removal and exclusion of contaminants is required by bubbling of an inert gas through the electrolyte or (ii) electrolyte saturation with a gas such as oxygen is needed.

Application note

CDI Setup can be configured to allow the following cell architectures:

1. Flow-by CDI consisting of: (i) two porous carbon or metal based current collectors coated with capacitive (e. non-Faradaic) material, (ii) a flow channel enabling the feed water to be transported between electrodes, (iii) two reservoirs for water feed and deionized water (or brine in desorption/discharging step), and (iv) one reference electrode.
2. Membrane CDI consisting of: (i) two porous carbon or metal based current collectors coated with capacitive (e. non-Faradaic) material, (ii) two ion-exchange membranes (cation exchange membrane and anion exchange membrane) separating electrodes from the flow chamber, (iii) flow channel enabling the feed water to be transported between electrodes, (iv) two reservoirs for water feed and deionized water (or brine in desorption/discharging step), and (v) one reference electrode.
3. Flow-through CDI with bulky porous electrodes consisting of: (i) two porous carbon or metal based current collectors coated with capacitive (e. non-Faradaic) material, (ii) a flow channel enabling the feed water to be transported straight through electrodes and parallel to the applied electric field direction, (iii) two reservoirs for water feed and deionized water (or brine in desorption/discharging step), and (iv) one reference electrode.
4. Flow-through CDI with nanochannel array(s) consisting of: (i) either one or two nanoporous membranes typically made of coated anodic aluminum oxide (with virtual capacitive (e. non-Faradaic) ionic filter), (ii) a flow channel enabling the feed water to be transported straight through electrodes and parallel to the applied electric field direction, (iii) two reservoirs for water feed and deionized water (or brine in desorption/discharging step), and (iv) either one or two reference electrodes.
5. Inverted CDI consisting of: (i) two porous carbon or metal based current collectors coated with capacitive (e. non-Faradaic) material where anode is treated for net negative surface charge and a cathode is treated for net positive surface charge, (ii) a flow channel enabling the feed water to be transported between electrodes, (iii) two reservoirs for water feed and deionized water (or brine in desorption/discharging step), and (iv) one reference electrode.
6. Flow-electrode CDI consisting of: (i) two porous carbon or metal based current collectors with flowing electrodes made of capacitive (e. non-Faradaic) carbon suspension, (ii) two ion-exchange membranes (cation exchange membrane and anion exchange membrane) separating electrodes from the flow chamber, (iii) flow channel enabling the feed water to be transported between electrodes, (iv) two reservoirs for water feed, deionized water (or brine in desorption/discharging step), (v) two reservoirs for liquid electrodes (suspensions of capacitive particles) and (vi) one reference electrode.
7. Hybrid CDI consisting of: (i) a Faradaic (e. battery) electrode for cation adsorption/desorption, (ii) a capacitive (i.e. non-Faradaic) electrode for anion adsorption/desorption, (iii) an anion exchange membrane placed adjacent to the capacitive electrode (iv) a flow channel enabling the feed water to be transported between electrodes, (v) two reservoirs for water feed and deionized water (or brine in desorption/discharging step), and (vi) one reference electrode.
8. Cation intercalation desalination consisting of: (i) two porous carbon or metal based current collectors coated with Faradaic cation intercalation materials, (ii) an anion exchange membrane separating electrodes (iii) a flow channel enabling the feed water to be transported between electrodes, (iv) two reservoirs for water feed (v) one reservoir for deionized water, (vi) one reservoir for concentrate and (v) one reference electrode.
9. Desalination battery consisting of: (i) two porous carbon or metal based current collectors coated with redox (e. Faradaic) material (one for cation adsorption/desorption and the other for anion adsorption/desorption), (ii) a flow channel enabling the feed water to be transported between electrodes, (iii) two reservoirs for water feed and deionized water (or brine in desorption/discharging step), and (iv) one reference electrode.

Specification

Electrode chamber volume: 10 mL each
Flow (deionization) chamber volume: 1.2 mL
Reservoir maximum volume: 50 mL
Maximum electrode size: 21 mm dia., 28 mm high
Minimum ion-exchange membrane diameter: 20 mm
Minimum nanochannel array diameter: 25 mm
Electrode plug diameter: 6 mm

Product Includes

2 x electrode chamber
2 x electrode chamber lid
1 x flow (deionization) chamber
1 x pair of adjustable hook clamps
2 x plug
2 x plug with septum
1 x set of O-Rings
1 x set of silicone rubber gaskets
2 x metal/silicone contact for nanochannel membrane
number of reservoirs according to the selection